XDPT12-D • 精密压制和增强型槽型 • 硬化材料和铸铁材料加工的首选

铣削刀片

Features and benefits

特别适合高强度刚、硬材料，以及铸铁材料的加工。

Workpiece Materials

Displaying 1- 5 of 5 results

Select Columns

Metric

Inch

Show

Metric

Inch

SAP Material Number	ISO Catalog Number	ANSI Catalog Number	Grade	[D] Insert IC Size	[D] Insert IC Size	[LI] Insert Length	[LI] Insert Length	[S] Insert Thickness	[S] Insert Thickness	[Rε] Corner Radius	[Rε] Corner Radius	Average Chip Thickness [HM]	Average Chip Thickness [HM]	[RT] Theoretical Corner Radius Programing	[RT] Theoretical Corner Radius Programing
6033255	XDPW120515SRD	XDPW120515SRD	KCPK30	12.7000	.5000	12.7000	.5000	5.5600	.2190	1.5000	.0580	0.2500	.0100	2.7800	.1090
6033254	XDPW120515SRD	XDPW120515SRD	KCPM40	12.7000	.5000	12.7000	.5000	5.5600	.2190	1.5000	.0580	0.2500	.0100	2.7800	.1090
6033256	XDPW120515SRD	XDPW120515SRD	KC522M	12.7000	.5000	12.7000	.5000	5.5600	.2190	1.5000	.0580	0.2500	.0100	2.7800	.1090
6033258	XDPW120515SRD	XDPW120515SRD	KC510M	12.7000	.5000	12.7000	.5000	5.5600	.2190	1.5000	.0580	0.2500	.0100	2.7800	.1090
6033257	XDPW120515SRD	XDPW120515SRD	KCK15	12.7000	.5000	12.7000	.5000	5.5600	.2190	1.5000	.0580	0.2500	.0100	2.7800	.1090

Grades

KC510M

高度耐磨的TiAiN-PVD-涂层材质，主要用于轻型加工铝和高温合金。
也能用于加工钢和淬硬钢。

P

K

N

H
KC522M

AlTiN-PVD-涂层硬质合金材质，在通用加工高温合金和不锈钢时有更好的性能。
KC522M 防止崩刃，改善了耐磨性，提高了强度。

P

M

K

S

H
KCK15

成份：一种采用MTCVD TiCN-Al2O3材料的多层厚涂层，硬质合金基体是专为铸铁材料加工而设计的。
应用范围：用于灰铸铁和球墨铸铁材料的高速切削加工，具有一致的切削性能。这种基体允许刀片进行长时间的高速切削，刀片变形很小。 CVD 厚涂层以及涂层去应力处理工艺使刀片具有卓越的耐磨性，确保刀具有超长的使用寿命。可以用于纵切加工和轻微断续切削加工。

K
KCPK30

TiN-TiCN-Al2O3-CVD-复合涂层硬质合金材质，经过高级Beyond™ 涂层后处理，有非常有效的基体。KCPK30 应用范围广，可用于钢和铸铁材料的通用铣削和粗加工铣削。干式加工效果最佳，但是也可以采用湿式加工。

P

M

K

S
KCPM40

采用先进的 PVD TiAlN/AlCrN 涂层的硬质合金材质。韧性基体材料，在高温应用中有出色的性能。KCPM40™ 是钢和不锈钢材料铣削加工的首选。基体具有良好的抗热冲击性能，所以这种材质非常适合湿式和干式加工应用。主要用于一般加工和重型加工应用。

P

M

S

Material Group	LightMachining		GeneralPurpose		HeavyMachining
	(Light geometry)				(Strong geometry)
	wear resistance				toughness
	Geometry	Grade	Geometry	Grade	Geometry	Grade
P1–P2	…GP	KC522M	…GP	KCPM40	…GP	KCPM40
P3–P4	…GP	KC522M	…D	KC522M	…D	KCPM40
P5–P6	...D411	SP6519	...D411	X500	...D41	X500
M1–M2	...D411	SP6519	...D41	KCSM40	...D41	KCSM40
M3	...D411	SP6519	...D41	KCSM40	...D41	KCSM40
K1–K2	…D	KCK15	…D	KCK15	…D	KCPK30
K3	…D	KCPK30	…D	KCPK30	…D	KCPK30
N1–N2	...D721	GH2	...D721	GH2	...D721	GH2
N3	...D721	GH2	...D721	GH2	...D721	GH2
S1–S2	...D411	SP6519	...D411	KCSM40	...D41	KCSM40
S3	...D411	SP6519	...D411	KCSM40	...D41	KCSM40
S4	...D411	SP6519	...D411	KCSM40	...D41	KCSM40
H1	…D	KC510M	…D	KC510M	…D	KCPM40

轴向切削深度(ap)为2,50时

Insert Geometry	Recommended Starting Feed per Tooth (Fz) in Relation to % of Radial Engagement (ae)															Insert Geometry
	5%			10%			20%			30%			40–100%
.E..D721	0,28	1,02	1,65	0,21	0,73	1,18	0,15	0,55	0,88	0,13	0,48	0,76	0,12	0,44	0,70	.E..D721
.E..D41	0,36	1,15	1,81	0,26	0,83	1,29	0,19	0,62	0,96	0,17	0,54	0,83	0,15	0,49	0,76	.E..D41
.E..D411	0,36	1,15	1,81	0,26	0,83	1,29	0,19	0,62	0,96	0,17	0,54	0,83	0,15	0,49	0,76	.E..D411
.S..GP	0,51	1,30	1,99	0,37	0,93	1,41	0,28	0,70	1,05	0,24	0,61	0,91	0,22	0,55	0,83	.S..GP
.S..D	0,51	1,30	1,95	0,37	0,93	1,38	0,28	0,70	1,03	0,24	0,61	0,89	0,22	0,55	0,82	.S..D

轴向切削深度(ap)为1,70时

Insert Geometry	Recommended Starting Feed per Tooth (Fz) in Relation to % of Radial Engagement (ae)															Insert Geometry
	5%			10%			20%			30%			40–100%
.E..D721	0,34	1,23	2,00	0,25	0,88	1,42	0,19	0,66	1,05	0,16	0,57	0,92	0,15	0,52	0,84	.E..D721
.E..D41	0,43	1,39	2,20	0,31	0,99	1,56	0,23	0,74	1,15	0,20	0,64	1,00	0,19	0,59	0,92	.E..D41
.E..D411	0,43	1,39	2,20	0,31	0,99	1,56	0,23	0,74	1,15	0,20	0,64	1,00	0,19	0,59	0,92	.E..D411
.S..GP	0,62	1,57	2,41	0,45	1,12	1,70	0,33	0,84	1,26	0,29	0,73	1,10	0,27	0,67	1,00	.S..GP
.S..D	0,62	1,57	2,36	0,45	1,12	1,67	0,33	0,84	1,24	0,29	0,73	1,08	0,27	0,67	0,98	.S..D

轴向切削深度(ap)为1,30时

Insert Geometry	Recommended Starting Feed per Tooth (Fz) in Relation to % of Radial Engagement (ae)															Insert Geometry
	5%			10%			20%			30%			40–100%
.E..D721	0,39	1,41	2,29	0,28	1,01	1,62	0,21	0,75	1,20	0,18	0,65	1,04	0,17	0,60	0,96	.E..D721
.E..D41	0,49	1,59	2,52	0,35	1,13	1,78	0,26	0,84	1,31	0,23	0,73	1,14	0,21	0,67	1,04	.E..D41
.E..D411	0,49	1,59	2,52	0,35	1,13	1,78	0,26	0,84	1,31	0,23	0,73	1,14	0,21	0,67	1,04	.E..D411
.S..GP	0,70	1,80	2,76	0,51	1,28	1,94	0,38	0,95	1,44	0,33	0,83	1,25	0,30	0,76	1,14	.S..GP
.S..D	0,70	1,80	2,71	0,51	1,28	1,90	0,38	0,95	1,41	0,33	0,83	1,22	0,30	0,76	1,12	.S..D

轴向切削深度(ap)为1,00时

Insert Geometry	Recommended Starting Feed per Tooth (Fz) in Relation to % of Radial Engagement (ae)												Insert Geometry
	10%			20%			30%			40–100%
...D721	0,32	1,86	2,10	0,24	1,37	1,54	0,21	1,19	1,34	0,19	1,09	1,22	...D721
...D411	0,51	2,52	3,02	0,38	1,84	2,19	0,33	1,60	1,90	0,31	1,46	1,73	...D411
...D41	0,51	2,43	2,92	0,38	1,78	2,13	0,33	1,54	1,84	0,31	1,41	1,68	...D41
...GP	0,69	2,65	3,44	0,51	1,93	2,49	0,44	1,67	2,15	0,41	1,53	1,96	...GP
...D	0,69	3,20	3,90	0,51	2,32	2,81	0,44	2,01	2,42	0,41	1,83	2,20	...D

LightMachining

GeneralPurpose

HeavyMachining

进给率指南 • 插铣 • IC 12 • fz [毫米/齿]

Insert Geometry	Programmed Feed per Tooth (fz)			Insert Geometry
	Max 9mm insert engagement (ae radial engagement)
.E..D721	0,06	0,20	0,32	.E..D721
.E..D41	0,07	0,23	0,35	.E..D41
.E..D411	0,07	0,23	0,35	.E..D411
.S..GP	0,10	0,25	0,38	.S..GP
.S..D	0,10	0,25	0,38	.S..D

LightMachining

GeneralPurpose

HeavyMachining

At .100 Axial Depth of Cut (ap)

Insert Geometry	Recommended Starting Feed per Tooth (Fz) in Relation to % of Radial Engagement (ae)															Insert Geometry
	5%			10%			20%			30%			40–100%
.E..D721	.011	.041	.066	.008	.029	.047	.006	.022	.035	.005	.019	.030	.005	.017	.028	.E..D721
.E..D41	.014	.046	.072	.010	.033	.051	.008	.024	.038	.007	.021	.033	.006	.019	.030	.E..D41
.E..D411	.014	.046	.072	.010	.033	.051	.008	.024	.038	.007	.021	.033	.006	.019	.030	.E..D411
.S..GP	.020	.051	.077	.015	.036	.055	.011	.027	.041	.009	.024	.035	.009	.022	.032	.S..GP
.S..D	.020	.051	.077	.015	.036	.055	.011	.027	.041	.009	.024	.036	.009	.022	.032	.S..D

At .070 Axial Depth of Cut (ap)

Insert Geometry	Recommended Starting Feed per Tooth (Fz) in Relation to % of Radial Engagement (ae)															Insert Geometry
	5%			10%			20%			30%			40–100%
.E..D721	.013	.048	.078	.010	.035	.056	.007	.026	.041	.006	.022	.036	.006	.021	.033	.E..D721
.E..D41	.017	.054	.086	.012	.039	.061	.009	.029	.045	.008	.025	.039	.007	.023	.036	.E..D41
.E..D411	.017	.054	.086	.012	.039	.061	.009	.029	.045	.008	.025	.039	.007	.023	.036	.E..D411
.S..GP	.024	.061	.092	.017	.043	.065	.013	.032	.048	.011	.028	.042	.010	.026	.038	.S..GP
.S..D	.024	.061	.092	.017	.043	.065	.013	.032	.048	.011	.028	.042	.010	.026	.038	.S..D

At .055 Axial Depth of Cut (ap)

Insert Geometry	Recommended Starting Feed per Tooth (Fz) in Relation to % of Radial Engagement (ae)															Insert Geometry
	5%			10%			20%			30%			40–100%
.E..D721	.015	.054	.088	.011	.039	.063	.008	.029	.046	.007	.025	.040	.007	.023	.037	.E..D721
.E..D41	.019	.061	.097	.014	.044	.069	.010	.033	.051	.009	.028	.044	.008	.026	.040	.E..D41
.E..D411	.019	.061	.097	.014	.044	.069	.010	.033	.051	.009	.028	.044	.008	.026	.040	.E..D411
.S..GP	.027	.068	.104	.019	.049	.073	.014	.036	.054	.013	.031	.047	.012	.029	.043	.S..GP
.S..D	.027	.068	.104	.019	.049	.074	.014	.036	.054	.013	.031	.047	.012	.029	.043	.S..D

LightMachining

GeneralPurpose

HeavyMachining

Feed Rate Guide • Plunging • IC 12 • fz [in/tooth]

Insert Geometry	Programmed Feed per Tooth (fz)			Insert Geometry
	Max .354" insert engagement (ae radial engagement)
.E..D721	.002	.008	.013	.E..D721
.E..D41	.003	.009	.014	.E..D41
.E..D411	.003	.009	.014	.E..D411
.S..GP	.004	.010	.015	.S..GP
.S..D	.004	.010	.015	.S..D

LightMachining

GeneralPurpose

HeavyMachining

推荐初始速度[米/分钟]

Material Group		GH2			KC510M			KC522M			KC725M			KCK15			KCPK30			KCPM20			KCPM40			KCSM40			SC3025			SC6525			SP6519			X400			X500
P	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	395	340	325	410	320	280	–	–	–	545	475	445	660	580	540	355	310	295	–	–	–	–	–	–	445	305	170	355	260	155	310	230	145	325	240	155
	2	–	–	–	–	–	–	330	290	240	320	245	210	–	–	–	335	305	275	410	370	330	300	260	215	–	–	–	–	–	–	390	270	145	310	230	140	275	205	125	290	215	140
	3	–	–	–	–	–	–	305	260	210	280	210	180	–	–	–	305	275	245	370	330	305	275	235	190	–	–	–	–	–	–	350	240	125	275	200	120	240	180	115	250	185	120
	4	–	–	–	295	240	205	270	220	180	235	175	145	–	–	–	230	210	190	275	260	230	245	205	160	–	–	–	–	–	–	250	175	95	210	150	90	180	130	85	190	145	90
	5	–	–	–	–	–	–	220	205	180	310	235	190	–	–	–	310	275	250	330	300	275	205	185	160	165	120	85	–	–	–	190	145	95	170	125	85	–	–	–	155	120	85
	6	–	–	–	–	–	–	200	150	120	210	155	125	–	–	–	190	160	0	230	205	175	180	140	110	140	100	60	–	–	–	170	120	70	145	100	60	–	–	–	130	95	60
M	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	245	215	200	–	–	–	–	–	–	245	220	185	270	240	210	235	205	185	315	225	140	–	–	–	230	185	145	325	235	140	–	–	–	300	220	140
	2	–	–	–	–	–	–	220	190	155	–	–	–	–	–	–	220	190	170	245	210	190	210	180	150	280	205	130	–	–	–	310	220	130	280	205	125	–	–	–	265	190	120
	3	–	–	–	–	–	–	170	145	115	–	–	–	–	–	–	175	155	140	190	175	150	155	140	110	230	165	105	–	–	–	250	180	110	235	170	100	–	–	–	215	155	95
K	1	300	220	145	355	320	290	275	245	220	–	–	–	505	460	410	355	320	290	430	390	355	–	–	–	–	–	–	475	330	180	470	325	175	355	265	170	–	–	–	335	240	145
	2	260	190	125	275	245	230	215	190	180	–	–	–	400	355	330	280	250	230	340	305	280	–	–	–	–	–	–	400	275	145	365	250	140	290	210	130	–	–	–	245	185	125
	3	220	175	120	235	210	190	180	160	145	–	–	–	335	300	275	235	210	190	290	260	240	–	–	–	–	–	–	330	230	125	–	–	–	265	190	120	–	–	–	205	160	115
N	1	3295	1890	480	770	685	630	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	2	3295	1890	480	695	640	590	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	3	2560	1460	355	695	640	590	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
S	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	50	40	30	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	50	40	35	75	55	35	–	–	–	–	–	–	65	50	30	–	–	–	60	40	30
	2	–	–	–	–	–	–	50	40	30	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	50	40	35	70	50	35	–	–	–	–	–	–	60	40	25	–	–	–	55	40	25
	3	–	–	–	–	–	–	60	50	30	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	60	50	35	80	55	35	–	–	–	–	–	–	65	50	30	–	–	–	60	50	30
	4	–	–	–	–	–	–	85	60	40	–	–	–	–	–	–	80	60	40	–	–	–	80	60	40	110	80	50	–	–	–	–	–	–	95	70	45	–	–	–	90	65	40
H	1	–	–	–	190	155	110	145	110	85	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	170	140	115	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	115	85	55	–	–	–
	2	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	95	70	40	–	–	–
	3	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–

Recommended Starting Speeds [SFM]

Material Group		GH2			KC510M			KC522M			KC725M			KCK15			KCPK30			KCPM20			KCPM40			KCSM40			SC3025			SC6525			SP6519			X400			X500
P	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	1295	1120	1060	1025	905	845	–	–	–	1790	1555	1460	2165	1910	1770	1165	1025	965	–	–	–	–	–	–	1460	1000	550	1165	845	510	1025	750	475	1060	785	510
	2	–	–	–	–	–	–	1080	940	785	865	750	630	–	–	–	1105	1000	905	1340	1220	1080	985	845	710	–	–	–	–	–	–	1280	890	475	1025	750	450	905	670	415	940	710	450
	3	–	–	–	–	–	–	1000	845	690	785	670	550	–	–	–	1000	905	805	1220	1080	1000	905	770	630	–	–	–	–	–	–	1140	785	415	905	650	395	785	590	370	830	610	395
	4	–	–	–	965	785	670	890	725	590	710	590	475	–	–	–	750	690	630	905	845	750	805	670	535	–	–	–	–	–	–	830	570	310	690	490	295	590	430	275	630	475	295
	5	–	–	–	–	–	–	725	670	590	590	535	475	–	–	–	1025	905	830	1080	985	905	670	610	535	530	390	280	–	–	–	630	475	310	550	415	275	–	–	–	510	395	275
	6	–	–	–	–	–	–	650	490	395	510	395	310	–	–	–	630	535	–	750	670	570	590	450	355	450	730	200	–	–	–	550	395	235	475	335	200	–	–	–	430	310	200
M	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	805	710	650	670	590	535	–	–	–	805	725	610	890	785	690	770	670	610	1020	730	450	–	–	–	750	610	475	1060	770	450	–	–	–	985	725	450
	2	–	–	–	–	–	–	725	630	510	610	510	430	–	–	–	725	630	550	805	690	630	690	590	490	910	675	415	–	–	–	1025	725	430	925	670	415	–	–	–	865	630	395
	3	–	–	–	–	–	–	550	475	370	450	395	310	–	–	–	570	510	450	630	570	490	510	450	355	750	530	340	–	–	–	830	590	355	770	550	335	–	–	–	710	510	310
K	1	985	725	475	1165	1045	940	905	805	725	–	–	–	1655	1520	1340	–	–	–	1415	1280	1165	–	–	–	–	–	–	1555	1080	590	1535	1060	570	1165	865	550	–	–	–	1105	785	475
	2	845	630	415	905	805	750	710	630	590	–	–	–	1320	1165	1080	–	–	–	1120	1000	925	–	–	–	–	–	–	1320	905	475	1200	830	450	940	690	430	–	–	–	805	610	415
	3	725	570	395	770	690	630	590	535	475	–	–	–	1105	985	905	–	–	–	940	845	785	–	–	–	–	–	–	1080	750	415	–	–	–	865	630	395	–	–	–	670	535	370
N	1	10805	6200	1570	2520	2245	2065	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	2	10805	6200	1570	2280	2105	1925	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	3	8405	4780	1165	2280	2105	1925	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
S	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	155	140	95	140	120	95	–	–	–	140	120	95	–	–	–	155	140	120	240	175	110	–	–	–	–	–	–	215	155	90	–	–	–	185	140	90
	2	–	–	–	–	–	–	155	140	95	140	120	95	–	–	–	140	120	95	–	–	–	155	140	120	220	160	100	–	–	–	–	–	–	185	140	85	–	–	–	175	140	85
	3	–	–	–	–	–	–	200	155	95	180	140	95	–	–	–	180	140	95	–	–	–	200	155	120	255	180	115	–	–	–	–	–	–	215	155	95	–	–	–	200	155	95
	4	–	–	–	–	–	–	275	200	140	235	180	120	–	–	–	235	180	120	–	–	–	260	200	140	355	260	165	–	–	–	–	–	–	310	235	145	–	–	–	290	215	140
H	1	–	–	–	630	510	355	475	355	275	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	550	450	370	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	370	275	180	–	–	–
	2	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	310	235	140	–	–	–
	3	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–

服务与支持

全国免费服务热线：
400 889 2135

联系电话：
86-21-38608288

联系邮箱:
k-cn.service@kennametal.com

基础设施业务

全国免费服务热线：
400 650 1388

联系电话：
86-10-85615263

联系邮箱：
k-cn-earthwork.service@kennametal.com

品牌商品

肯纳品牌商品

工作机会

欢迎来肯纳工作

✉ 保持联系

订阅我们的新闻

⤓ NOVO 应用程序

寻找过时产品的替代产品

获得应用程序

Suggestions

Product Suggestions

Product Categories

Resources

XDPT12-D • 精密压制和增强型槽型 • 硬化材料和铸铁材料加工的首选

铣削刀片

Features and benefits

Workpiece Materials

Grades

轴向切削深度(ap)为2,50时

轴向切削深度(ap)为1,70时

轴向切削深度(ap)为1,30时

轴向切削深度(ap)为1,00时

进给率指南 • 插铣 • IC 12 • fz [毫米/齿]

At .100 Axial Depth of Cut (ap)

At .070 Axial Depth of Cut (ap)

At .055 Axial Depth of Cut (ap)

Feed Rate Guide • Plunging • IC 12 • fz [in/tooth]

推荐初始速度[米/分钟]

Recommended Starting Speeds [SFM]

服务与支持

基础设施业务

品牌商品

工作机会

✉ 保持联系

⤓ NOVO 应用程序

Suggestions

Product Suggestions

Product Categories

Resources

XDPT12-D • 精密压制和增强型槽型 • 硬化材料和铸铁材料加工的首选

铣削刀片

Features and benefits

Workpiece Materials

Grades

轴向切削深度(ap)为2,50时

轴向切削深度(ap)为1,70时

轴向切削深度(ap)为1,30时

轴向切削深度(ap)为1,00时

进给率指南 • 插铣 • IC 12 • fz [毫米/齿]

At .100 Axial Depth of Cut (ap)

At .070 Axial Depth of Cut (ap)

At .055 Axial Depth of Cut (ap)

Feed Rate Guide • Plunging • IC 12 • fz [in/tooth]

推荐初始速度[米/分钟]

Recommended Starting Speeds [SFM]

服务与支持

基础设施业务

品牌商品

工作机会

✉ 保持联系

⤓ NOVO 应用程序

We have found the following CAD Drawings